National parks: The NPS allows e-bikes where traditional bikes are permitted, but superintendents can restrict or condition use and e-bikes remain prohibited in wilderness. Always check the specific park’s page before you go—local orders can change access and speed rules. National Park Service
States & cities: Many jurisdictions reference the three-class framework, but throttle allowances and path access still diverge. Media and advocacy guides stress checking state code and city ordinances—what’s legal on a paved greenway in one metro can be limited to bike lanes in another. WIRED
Big-city safety laws: In dense urban markets—especially New York City—retailers and delivery fleets must sell and use UL-certified bikes and batteries. The city expanded enforcement in 2024 and is proposing 2025 measures to confiscate uncertified batteries, part of a broader campaign to curb fire risks. Expect other metros to study NYC’s model. NYC.gov+1
What’s next: Legislatures are getting more specific about battery certification (e.g., California’s law requiring certified e-bike batteries by 2026) and federal trade policy is reshaping costs via tariffs—especially on imported batteries—potentially influencing what dealers stock and how consumers compare price vs. safety features. Bike Legal Firm+1
Rider takeaway: In 2025, the safest bet is a UL-certified bike that fits your local class rules, plus a quick check of land-manager pages (city, county, state park, NPS) before riding new trails or pathways. It’s a little homework up front—and a lot fewer headaches later. National Park Service
